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Both acrylic and modacrylic fibers are synthetic polymer fibers manufactured using acrylonitrile as a monomer. Acrylic fibers contain at least 85% by weight of acrylonitrile units whereas modacrylic fibers composed of 35-85% by weight of acrylonitrile units. This difference in their chemical content affect their dyeing behavior.
The following table shows some features of these fibers:
| .Sr. No | Mod Acrylic | Acrylic |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The units of acrylonitrile in the Mod Acrylic vary between 35 to 85%. | Acrylic fiber has more than 85% acrylonitrile units. |
| 2 | Mod Acrylic has higher specific gravity than Acrylic | Acrylic has lower specific gravity |
| 3 | The Mod Acrylic begins to soften at 500 – 1000 F. | The Acrylic fiber begins to soften at 4500 – 5000 F. |
| 4 | Mod Acrylic can’t be heat set & texturized. | The Acrylic fiber can be heat set & texturized. |
| 5 | Mod Acrylic has self-extinguish flame behavior. | Acrylic does not have self-extinguish flame behavior |
| 6 | The specific gravity of Mod Acrylic fiber is nearly 1.35 gms/cc. | The specific gravity of Acrylic fiber is 1.17 gms/cc. |
| 7 | A very low tenacity | High tenacity ( is 2–3.5 g/d) |
| 8 | Typical moisture regain is 3.5% | Moisture regain is 1–2 percent |
| 9 | Comparatively Modacrylic fiber dry more quickly | Acrylic fiber materials are quick drying. |
| 10 | Low softening temperatures of modacrylic fibers allow them to be stretched, embossed and moulded into special shapes | Acrylic fibers recover well from small amounts of stretching |
| 11 | Mod Acrylic fibers are comparatively less suitable for processing into high bulky yarns | Acrylic fibers are more suited for processing into high bulky yarns |
| 12 | Modacrylic fibers have outstanding resistance to many chemicals and solvents, and are not attacked by moths and mildew. | Acrylic fiber has a good resistance to moths, mildew, mineral acids, and chemical substances. The resistance to weak alkalize is fairly good, while hot strong alkalizes rapidly attack acrylic fiber |
| 13 | Modacrylic fibers have a moderate resistance to abrasion | Acrylic fiber have high resistance to damage by abrasion |
| 14 | Excellent resistance to sunlight | Highly resistant to sunlight |
| 15 | Types of Modacrylic fiber | Types of Acrylic fiber |
| 16 | Dynel and Verel | Orlon, Acrylian, Creslan and Zefran |
Most acrylic and modacrylic fibers are produced as staple fibers. In order to generate bulky yarns, the fibers with different shrinkage property could have blended. These fibers have varied cross section and denier.
Acrylic fibers considering their similarity to wool are used to produce blankets, sweaters, hosiery, knitting yarns, carpet, home furnishings, and etc.
On the other hand, modacrylic fibers due to their high thermal resistance are considered as a good choice for flame retardant textiles. One another interesting property of the modacrylic fibers is their resistance against electric arc. They could also be used for a variety of purpose for example in filters, toys and paint-roller covers.
